The 10th session of the “Let’s Sembang AIoT” series commenced with a unique presentation by Mr. CC Lee. He discussed older processors with legacy, ranging from the 8088, 80286, 80386, 80486, and 80586 to the Pentium, all of which were prevalent from the early 1990s to the late 1990s. This era saw significant contributions from major players like Intel, AMD, and VIA.

During this period, substantial efforts were dedicated to enhancing the capabilities of computers and industrial PCs for automation purposes, often referred to as IPC-based automation. Notably, two devices, namely PCI (Programmable Communication Interface) and PPI (Programmable Peripheral Interface), played a pivotal role in establishing input and output peripherals for computers. The PPI was also utilized in certain IO blocks on the ISA BUS, conforming to the PC104 standards. This concept catalyzed numerous automation processes implemented on both personal computers and industrial PCs. It’s important to note that these advancements occurred within the context of the DOS operating system prevalent at that time